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The Project Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro: a Decade of Research 1
El Proyecto Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro: una década de investigaciones

Hipogrifo. Revista de literatura y cultura del Siglo de Oro, no. Esp.1, 2018

Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares

Mariela Insúa

Universidad de Navarra, España



Date received: 30 August 2017

Date accepted: 06 October 2017

Abstract: A review of the trajectory of the Project Autoridad y poder en el Si­glo de Oro from its beginnings in 2007 until the present. It describes the different activities and publications within this international and interdisciplinary research network

Keywords: Authority, Power, Golden Age, Research Networks.

Resumen: Se aporta un recorrido de la trayectoria del Proyecto Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro desde su fundación en 2007 hasta la actualidad. Se reseñan las distintas actividades y publicaciones enmarcadas en esta red de investigación de carácter internacional e interdisciplinar

Palabras clave: Autoridad, poder, Siglo de Oro, redes de investigación.

In the year 2007 the Golden Age Research Group (Grupo de Investigación Siglo de Oro, GRISO) of the University of Navarra in association with the University of Oxford and the Universität Münster agreed on to initiate a seminar focusing on a fundamental subject for the understanding of the Golden Age. This theme is au­thority and power in their different variants and approaches. As the founders of the permanent team, the professors Ignacio Arellano (GRISO), Christoph Strosetzki (Münster) and Edwin Williamson (Oxford) indicated, the topic covers an extremely broad constellation of subjects which affect every lifestyle, social and artistic area of Golden Age person:

En una época de crisis múltiples (políticas, científicas, religiosas, literarias) permite numerosos enfoques y análisis, con privilegiados puestos de observa­ción para el examen de las prácticas del poder en ámbitos públicos y domésticos, de las teorías legitimadoras o limitadoras […], de los ceremoniales y construcción de imaginarios del poder y la autoridad, o que ofrece en el terreno literario ancho campo para el estudio de las jerarquías genéricas, los cánones y la función de las preceptivas y polémicas […], o de conflictos entre autoridad y gusto, con otras infinitas posibilidades que exigen la interdisciplinariedad 2 .

This was, in short, a fertile area where the foundations should be laid for coordinated and global research within a European and international framework at a time —a decade ago— when university policies were not as focused as they are at present on the need for the international projection of research into humanities. With this collaborative work objective in mind, the need to a hold regular seminar meetings was raised, to be organized on the different branches of the complex course of authority and power.

Thus, three introductory sessions were organized: «Autoridad y poder: los límites» at the University of Navarra (2007); «Autoridad y autoría» at the University of Oxford (2007); and «Autoridad y poder en la literatura del Siglo de Oro. Tradición, ruptura, nuevos planteamientos» at the University of Münster (2008). The fruit of these three meetings was published in the volume Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro, edited by Ignacio Arellano, Christoph Strosetzki and Edwin Williamson in 2009. In November of the same year a fourth session was held at which the group of the Université de le Sorbonne Nouvelle (Paris III), coordinated by Professor Pierre Civil, joined the permanent team; this gathering in France addressed the subject «La crítica del poder». In 2010, three new sessions with different focuses and ap­proaches were held. These were all co-organized by the seminar with prestigious universities: the first, «Autoridad y poder en España y América: del Descubrimiento a la Independencia», at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; the second, «Conflictos de poder en el mundo hispánico del Siglo de Oro», at the University of Pennsylvania and, finally, «La crítica del poder en el mundo ibérico (siglos XVI y XVII)», at the Universidade de Coimbra. In view of the productive results of these congresses, it was decided that this seminar should become a broader European research group, which would include new institutions and would work cohesively by including renowned researchers, but also by opening its doors to the partici­pation on each of the sub-teams of young people who were writing their doctoral dissertations on subjects linked to the central theme.

In the year 2011, the network received the support of the Programa Jerónimo de Ayanz of the Government of Navarra, which allowed for the organization of activities and publications with new institutions which joined in the project, such as the Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, the Università di Trento, the Università di Firenze, the Universitá di Roma Tre and the Academia Română. In this phase several meetings were held with the objective of furthering interdisciplinary rela­tions, which, in turn, permitted the participation of institutions linked with the artistic world. An example of this is the co-organization by GRISO and the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga of Lisbon of the Congreso Internacional «De la Monarquía Dual a la Restauración. Arte y literatura» (2011). Another activity with this perspective of artistic integration was the Congreso Internacional «La voz de Clío: instrumentos y representaciones del poder en la comedia histórica barroca», co-organized in Sibiu (Romania) by the Muzeul National Brukenthal, the Rumanian Institutului de Cerce­tari Socio-Umane Sibiu and GRISO, which was complemented with the exhibition «Fasto y representación gráfica. Los siglos XVII-XIX». In the same context we can mention the VI Encuentro Internacional sobre el Barroco «Imagen del poder», in Santa Cruz (Bolivia), organized by GRISO with the Fundación Visión Cultural and other Bolivian institutions, an event of great importance in the cultural and artistic world of Latin America, which completed the activities of the network.

In the same year a meeting was held with the Italian members of the team at an international Congress organized by GRISO and the Università di Trento, which dealt with «La comedia burlesca y la erosión de las figuras del poder». It is worth noting that this burlesque genre has received particular attention from GRISO over the last few years through the edition of the complete corpus of these humoristic pieces and by linking several of them to the subject of power in its grotesque as­pect. During this period, moreover, a new meeting was held in Oxford on the subject of «La autoridad política y el poder de la literatura. El manejo de las autoridades literarias», co-organized by the European network with the attendance of the coordinators of the founding members of the seminar, which, therefore, served as a stakeholders’ meeting and addressed new lines of action. The year 2011 closed with the Congreso Internacional «Imagen y realidad: el universo simbólico del poder en el Siglo de Oro», in Pamplona, with the participation of members of the net­work from different universities and other prestigious specialists associated with the project. It was also attended by research speakers interested in the subject from various academic institutions in Europe and America. The objective of this gathering was to open the network to new contacts and to publicize its results out­side the member universities.

In the year 2012 the second phase of the project was carried out, again with the support of the Programa Jerónimo de Ayanz of the Government of Navarra, and focused particularly on the «Conflictos de autoridad e imágenes del poder. Guerras de propaganda». This new stage saw the integration of institutions such as the universities Nova de Lisboa, of Minho, of Coimbra and of Amsterdam, and various activities were co-organized: the Congreso Internacional «El poder y la estética de lo grotesco», with the Centro de História da Cultura da Universidade Nova de Lis­boa, the Congreso Internacional «Fascinación por el enemigo: identidad nacional en el Siglo de Oro español y neerlandés», co-organized by the Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age of the Universiteit van Amsterdam and GRISO of the University of Navarra, with the collaboration of the Scheepvaartmuseum and the Rijksmuseum; the Seminario Internacional «Autoridad y poder en la literatura del Siglo de Oro: la autoridad de la Antigüedad clásica en el Siglo de Oro» in Schloss Mickeln, Düsseldorf, co-organized by the University of Münster and the University of Navarra together with the universities of Oxford and the Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris III; and the Simposio Internacional «Palabra y poder: silencios y secretos en el teatro del Siglo de Oro», co-organized by the Universität Wien and GRISO. In addition, a new open congress was held at the University of Navarra, on this occasion focusing on «Teatro y poder en el Siglo de Oro», an activity also developed within the context of the project CONSOLIDER «Patrimonio teatral clásico español» (CSD2009-00033 del Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica), which also integrated, during its period of validity, numerous initiatives and publi­cations by the network on the subject of the central theme of authority and power in the different theatrical genres, in such a way as to show the overlapping of these two macro-projects and their coordinated working at different levels.

All these European network activities have been seen in different collective publications which bring together the results of these intense work meetings. First­ly, we must mention that the volume was published by the editorial Iberoamericana Vervuert in the Serie Autoridad y Poder: the above-mentioned first volume coor­dinated by Arellano, Strosetzki and Williamson was followed by Del poder y sus críticos en el mundo ibérico del Siglo de Oro, edited by Ignacio Arellano, Antonio Feros and Jesús M. Usunáriz (2013); La autoridad política y el poder de las letras en el Siglo de Oro, by Jesús M. Usunáriz and Edwin Williamson (2013); and La au­toridad de la Antigüedad, coordinated by Christoph Strosetzki (2014). The collectionBIADIG-Biblioteca Áurea Digital del GRISO published El universo simbólico del poder en el Siglo de Oro, coordinated by Álvaro Baraibar and Mariela Insúa (2012), and in 2013, Teatro y poder en el Siglo de Oro, by Mariela Insúa and Felix K. E. Schmelzer. In addition we must mention the volume Discursos coloniales: texto y poder en la América hispana (2011), edited by Pilar Latasa in the Biblioteca Indiana de Iberoamericana Vervuert; Los poderes de la palabra. El improperio en la cultura hispánica del Siglo de Oro (2013) in the editorial Peter Lang with the coordination of Carmela Pérez-Salazar, Cristina Tabernero and Jesús M. Usunáriz; Poderes y au­toridades en el Siglo de Oro: realidad y representación, edited by António Apolinário Lourenço and Jesús M. Usunáriz in Eunsa (2012); or La voz de Clío: imágenes del poder en la comedia histórica del Siglo de Oro, by Oana Sâmbrian, Mariela Insúa and Antonie Mihail (2012), edited by the Universitatea din Craiova. Recently, in the collection Batihoja of the Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares (IDEA), we have also published La imagen de la autoridad y el poder en el teatro del Siglo de Oro (edition by Ignacio Arellano and Jesús Menéndez Peláez, 2016) 3 , and the collective volume Estrategias y conflictos de autoridad y poder en el teatro del Siglo de Oro, coordinatedby Ignacio Arellano and Frederick de Armas is in preparation.

We must point out that the activities of the European network have had the support of various projects associated with different participating universities and institutions. This integration of research resources and inter-university colla­boration has allowed for the development of innumerable activities over these 10 years and for the circulation of the results. In the specific case of the University of Navarra, the research works have had the support, as mentioned above, of the Programa Jerónimo de Ayanz (directed in both phases by Ignacio Arellano), and the CONSOLIDER project, and, in the history area, that of the projects «Autoridad y poder en la España del Siglo de Oro. La representación del imperio, la imagen de una política exterior» (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, HAR2009-09987) and «Dis­curso y poder, lengua y autoridad en el mundo hispánico (siglos XVI-XVII)» (Minis­terio de Economía y Competitividad, HAR2012-31536), both directed by Jesús M. Usunáriz.

Other aspects which have received special attention over these years have been the diffusion and transference of the results, not merely through publications but also due to their presentation and circulation on the GRISO social networks, blogs and websites and those of the other organizing institutions. On this point the coor­dination of activities has also added positive results. On the one hand, the syner­gies deriving from this collaboration has permitted the young researchers from the sub-teams to enjoy the benefits of a truly international research context not only to carry out their doctoral stays abroad, but also to participate in the congresses and in some cases to join other network teams.

Currently, the project «Autoridad y poder en el teatro del Siglo de Oro. Estrate­gias, géneros e imágenes en la primera globalización» (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España, FFI2014-52007), with Ignacio Arellano as lead researcher is being carried out. This new research stage on the core top­ic focuses especially on theater, a spectacle which is particularly suited to trans­mitting or questioning the models of authority and power. It also includes Spanish-American viceroyalty theater in the work corpus, a field that is yet to be explored; for this reason the team includes participants from Latin American universities and is working on several actions with the PEI-Proyecto Estudios Indianos coordinated by the Peruvian Universidad del Pacífico and GRISO of the University of Navarra.

In this phase of the project we also propose to broaden our horizons regarding how results can be transmitted, and are committed to publication on Open Access and to the enrichment of publications within the framework of Digital Humanities. In this way, one of the main objectives is to edit theatrical texts linked to power and its concomitance with reliable philological and historical notes, but in a more attractive way: multimedia books in EPUB, MOBI and PDF formats which allow for the reader’s interaction with the text through links with visual and sound notes which broaden both the reading horizons and the horizon for potential readers. Simultaneously, the digital object brings to life one of the missions of the network from its beginnings, that is interdisciplinary, with the possibility of accessing a hypertext with links to paintings, fragments of musical pieces or mise-en-scènes, historical documents, maps or different editions, apart from related biographical links 4 .

In the framework of this most recent project, two collective volumes have been published in high-impact journals with the participation of network members and other experts: Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro en Ínsula. Revista de Letras y Ciencias Humanas (March, 2017) and Autorité et pouvoir dans le théâtre du Siècle d’Or (June, 2017) in Bulletin Hispanique, both coordinated by Ignacio Arellano.

In the current stage of the project, GRISO is carrying out diverse collaborative activities such as the Congreso Internacional «La autoridad de la tradición y el poder de la innovación en el teatro y en la literatura del Siglo de Oro», coorganized by the CHAM-Cultura, história e pensamento ibéricos e ibero-ameri­canos de la Universidade Nova de Lisboa (2015), the Jornadas Navarras de Teatro Clásico «La mujer y el poder femenino en el teatro español del Siglo de Oro» (2015) with the Government of Navarra, the Congreso Internacional «La imagen de la autoridad y el poder en el teatro del Siglo de Oro», co-organized by the Seminario de Estudios Medievales y del Siglo de Oro de la Fundación Valdés-Salas (2015), the Congreso Internacional «Estrategias y conflictos de autoridad y poder en el teatro del Siglo de Oro» (2016) with the University of Chicago, the Congreso Internacional «Rebeldes y marginales en el mundo ibérico (siglos XVI y XVII)», co-organized by the CITCEM-Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar Cultura, Espaço e Memória de la Universidade do Porto and GRISO (2016); and the 2017 congresses El poder de la economía: la imagen de los mercaderes y el comercio en el mundo hispánico de los siglos XVI y XVII (in the Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence) or La imagen del poder y el poder de la imagen en el arte y la literatura (in the Pushkin Museum, co-organized in collaboration with SIAS-State Institute for Art Studies).

In conclusion, during this decade of cohesive work the Red Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro has broadened its scope: new researchers and institutions have joined the project, numerous activities have allowed for thorough and unhurried dialogue and debate over time and the results have been published in various print and digital media. All this has permitted the study of individual areas, specifically of plays, belonging to the complex universe of power in the period of the Golden Age; but, moreover, it has produced studies of the whole with the aim of coming to global conclusions which are only possible if this prodigious subject-matter is conceived in an interdisciplinary way within a collaborative framework. In a tome published by the team, La imagen de la autoridad y el poder en el teatro del Siglo de Oro, its authors Ignacio Arellano and Jesús Menéndez Peláez once again emphasized the never-ending and infinite qualities of this field of analysis of authority and power (2016, p. 10); indeed, this area is part of the human condition and during the Golden Age all of its powers seem to have been boosted; there is, therefore, a lot more work to be done.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Apolinário Lourenço, António y Jesús M. Usunáriz (eds.), Poderes y autoridades en el Siglo de Oro: realidad y representación, Pamplona, EUNSA, 2012.

Arellano, Ignacio, Christoph Strosetzki y Edwin Williamson (eds.), Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro, Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2009.

Arellano, Ignacio, Antonio Feros y Jesús M. Usunáriz (eds.), Del poder y sus críticos en el mundo ibérico del Siglo de Oro, Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Ver­vuert, 2013.

Arellano, Ignacio y Jesús Menéndez Peláez (eds.), La imagen de la autoridad y el poder en el teatro del Siglo de Oro, Nueva York, IDEA, 2016. Available online: https://www.ideauriseculares.com/portfolo/29-la-imagen-de-la-autoridad-y-elpoder-en-el-tetro-del-siglo-de-oro/[29/10/2017].

Arellano, Ignacio (coord.), Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro, monográfico de Ínsula. Revista de Letras y Ciencias Humanas, 843, 2017.

Arellano, Ignacio (coord.), Autorité et pouvoir dans le théâtre du Siècle d’Or, mono­gráfico de Bulletin Hispanique, 119, 1, 2017.

Baraibar, Álvaro y Mariela Insúa (eds.), El universo simbólico del poder en el Siglo de Oro, Pamplona, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, BIADIG-Biblioteca Digital del GRISO, 2012. Available online:https://.www.dadun.unav.edu/handle/10171/34321 [29/10/2017].

Insúa, Mariela y Felix K. E. Schmelzer (eds.), Teatro y poder en el Siglo de Oro, Pamplona, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, BIADIG-Biblioteca Digital del GRISO, 2013. Available online: https://www.dadun.unav.edu/handle/10171/34261 [29/10/2017].

Insúa, Mariela, «El proyecto autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro: historia y nuevos horizontes», in Autoridad y poder en el Siglo de Oro, coord. Ignacio Arellano, monográfico de Ínsula. Revista de Letras y Ciencias Humanas, 843, 2017, pp. 2-4.

Latasa, Pilar (ed.), Discursos coloniales: texto y poder en la América hispana, Ma­drid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2011.

Pérez-Salazar, Carmela, Cristina Tabernero y Jesús M. Usunáriz (eds.), Los poderes de la palabra. El improperio en la cultura hispánica del Siglo de Oro, New York, Peter Lang, 2013.

Sâmbrian, Oana, Antonie Mihail y Mariela Insúa (eds.), La voz de Clío: imágenes del poder en la comedia histórica del Siglo de Oro, Craiova, Editura Universitaria-Universitatea din Craiova, 2012.

Strosetzki, Christoph (ed.), La autoridad de la Antigüedad, Madrid/Frankfurt, Ibe­roamericana/Vervuert, 2014.

Usunáriz, Jesús M. y Edwin Williamson (eds.), La autoridad política y el poder de las letras en el Siglo de Oro, Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2013.

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Notes

1. This work is part of project FFI2014-52007-P, Authority and Power in the Theatre of the Golden Age.Strategies, genres, images in the first globalization, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Government of Spain. Directorate General of Scientific and Technical Research, National Programme for Fostering Excellence in Scientific and Technical Research. A summary of the trajectory of this project is also to be found at Insúa, 2017.

2. Arellano, Strosetzki and Williamson, 2009, p. 5.

3. We must make the most of this opportunity to mention the individual publications of the team members in the format of monographs, chapters in books and articles in scientific journals up to 2011, which are collected in the project bibliography available online (https://www.unav.edu/web/griso/proyectos/ autoridad-y-poder); this will shortly receive an update which will be reflected on the project website ( [29/10/2017]). (Error 1: El enlace externo https://www.unav.edu/web/griso/proyectos/ autoridad-y-poder debe ser una url) (Error 2: La url https://www.unav.edu/web/griso/proyectos/ autoridad-y-poder no esta bien escrita)

4. Towards the end of 2017 the first digital editions produced within the framework of this project: Cómo ha de ser el privado de Quevedo (ed. Ignacio Arellano), El esclavo en grillos de oro de Bances Candamo (philological edition by Ignacio Arellano and electronic edition by Jesús M. Usunáriz) and El nuevo palacio del Retiro de Calderón (ed. Jesús M. Usunáriz) will be available on Open Access ([29/10/2017]).

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